NETWORK IPV4 + IPV6

IPV6

Put address in brakets when in url []

For ipv6 only you need a NAT64 gateway - https://nat64.net/public-providers
NOTE
Google and Cloudflare offer only DNS but without gateway they are useless.

1234:1234:1234:1234::/64 ---> 1234:1234:1234:1234::1

https://[1234:1234:1234:1234::1]/

vs
https://123.123.123.123/

Netmasks group IP addresses.

There are the basic A,B,C class networks :

   1st address   Last address      Netmask per network

A:   0.0.0.0 ... 127.255.255.255   255.0.0.0
B: 128.0.0.0 ... 191.255.255.255   255.255.0.0
C: 192.0.0.0 ... 223.255.255.255   255.255.255.0

CIDR instead of limiting the network size to 245, 64k or 16M it uses any power of 2 for the network size. It sees the netmask as a 32 bit number instead of 4 bytes.

The CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) is the number of 1 from left to right in the netmask.

11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 = 255.255.255.0 = /24 =   256 ips in the network  (2^8) 32-24=8 bits
11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000 = 255.255.252.0 = /22 = 1024 ips in the network (2^10)  32-22=10 bits

Netmask: 255.255.255.252 or /30
Starts with multiple of 4
0 - 3 | 4-7 | 8-11 | 12-15 | ..... | 252-255

Binary                             Hex        Quad Dec          2ⁿ    CIDR   Number of addresses

00000000000000000000000000000000   00000000   0.0.0.0           2³²   /0     4,294,967,296     4 G
10000000000000000000000000000000   80000000   128.0.0.0         2³¹   /1     2,147,483,648     2 G
11000000000000000000000000000000   C0000000   192.0.0.0         2³⁰   /2     1,073,741,824     1 G
11100000000000000000000000000000   E0000000   224.0.0.0         2²⁹   /3       536,870,912   512 M
11110000000000000000000000000000   F0000000   240.0.0.0         2²⁸   /4       268,435,456   256 M
11111000000000000000000000000000   F8000000   248.0.0.0         2²⁷   /5       134,217,728   128 M
11111100000000000000000000000000   FC000000   252.0.0.0         2²⁶   /6        67,108,864    64 M
11111110000000000000000000000000   FE000000   254.0.0.0         2²⁵   /7        33,554,432    32 M
11111111000000000000000000000000   FF000000   255.0.0.0         2²⁴   /8        16,777,216    16 M
11111111100000000000000000000000   FF800000   255.128.0.0       2²³   /9         8,388,608     8 M
11111111110000000000000000000000   FFC00000   255.192.0.0       2²²   /10        4,194,304     4 M
11111111111000000000000000000000   FFE00000   255.224.0.0       2²¹   /11        2,097,152     2 M
11111111111100000000000000000000   FFF00000   255.240.0.0       2²⁰   /12        1,048,576     1 M
11111111111110000000000000000000   FFF80000   255.248.0.0       2¹⁹   /13          524,288   512 k
11111111111111000000000000000000   FFFC0000   255.252.0.0       2¹⁸   /14          262,144   256 k
11111111111111100000000000000000   FFFE0000   255.254.0.0       2¹⁷   /15          131,072   128 k
11111111111111110000000000000000   FFFF0000   255.255.0.0       2¹⁶   /16           65,536    64 k
11111111111111111000000000000000   FFFF8000   255.255.128.0     2¹⁵   /17           32,768    32 k
11111111111111111100000000000000   FFFFC000   255.255.192.0     2¹⁴   /18           16,384    16 k
11111111111111111110000000000000   FFFFE000   255.255.224.0     2¹³   /19            8,192     8 k
11111111111111111111000000000000   FFFFF000   255.255.240.0     2¹²   /20            4,096     4 k
11111111111111111111100000000000   FFFFF800   255.255.248.0     2¹¹   /21            2,048     2 k
11111111111111111111110000000000   FFFFFC00   255.255.252.0     2¹⁰   /22            1,024     1 k
11111111111111111111111000000000   FFFFFE00   255.255.254.0     2⁹    /23              512
11111111111111111111111100000000   FFFFFF00   255.255.255.0     2⁸    /24              256
11111111111111111111111110000000   FFFFFF80   255.255.255.128   2⁷    /25              128
11111111111111111111111111000000   FFFFFFC0   255.255.255.192   2⁶    /26               64
11111111111111111111111111100000   FFFFFFE0   255.255.255.224   2⁵    /27               32
11111111111111111111111111110000   FFFFFFF0   255.255.255.240   2⁴    /28               16
11111111111111111111111111111000   FFFFFFF8   255.255.255.248   2³    /29                8
11111111111111111111111111111100   FFFFFFFC   255.255.255.252   2²    /30                4
11111111111111111111111111111110   FFFFFFFE   255.255.255.254   2¹    /31                2
11111111111111111111111111111111   FFFFFFFF   255.255.255.255   2⁰    /32                1

Email protocols

There are 3 main email protocols used : POP3 and IMAP for mail retrieving and SMTP for sending emails.

Acronyms :
POP (Post Office Protocol)
IMAP (Internet Message access protocol)
SMTP (Simple mail transfer protocol)

POP3 downloads the emails from the server (and if not specified to keep a copy it also deletes the emails) - you have to make rules to filter the email on every client individually and if you lose the email client database you lose all your filters and emails.
Pop3 is good if you have a low email quota and you like your privacy (because as soon as an email is read is deleted from the server) 

IMAP synchronizes you folders and email from the server to you mail client and does not delete the messages unless you delete them.
Main advantage to imap is the it syncs your emails,folders etc the same way on any device.

POP3 : 110 and secure POP3 with SSL/TSL 995
IMAP : 143 and secure IMAP with SSL/TSL 993
SMTP : 25 and secure SMTL with SSL/TSL 465 

SMTP port is 25 and is usually blocked by the ISP to prevent spam by infected users.

Install terminal services and .NET Framework 3.5 on windows server 2008 2012 r2 standard

Open Server Manager (type in start menu to find it) - or Control Panel - System and Security - Administrative Tools - Server Manager
or Right click My Computer - Manage

Server 2008 :
Click Roles - then click - Add Roles
On the Before You Begin - Click Next
On Server Roles - select Remote Desktop Services - formerly known as Terminal Services
Continue the wizard.

To install .NET Framework 3.5
Open Server Manager
 Click Feartures- then click - Add Features
 Select .NET Framework 3.5 

 Server 2012 :
Mange - Add ROles and Features -- same as above
On 2012 you have to specify additional path to windows 2012 dvd

Error loading dll file

Error loading midas.dll

regsvr32 midas.dll for registering a file
regsvr32 /u midas.dll for unregistering a file

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regsvr32

Diskpart - hide or unhide a partition in windows

Type in a cmd : diskpart

To hide a partition type :

list volume
select volume 2
remove letter d

To make it appear back : 

select volume 2
assign letter d

If you mount the ESP partition like this, in windwos 10 you get an error message that you are not allowed to access it.
Open Task manager -> Run new task -> Browse.
Here you can access, edit, create, delete files. 

Or open Disk Management : diskmgmt.msc
 Right click on a partition and select - Change Drive Letter and Paths...
and then add or remove a letter.

WOL from the internet + remote desktop connection

First enable wake-on-wan from the network controller in windows.

First set on your router a static dhcp reservation on you mac address.

Then set a port forward on the router for port 7 UDP to your reserved ip.

Configure a dynamic dns on the router, for exemple if your router has support you can use for free no-ip.com

To wake-up you need :

• MAC Adress
• Public ip or dynamic dns address
• Port number

Next you will probably will want to make a Remote Desktop Connection to your pc.
For this you have to forward TCP port 3389 to your pc ip address.

On the Remote Desktop settings select Allow connections only from computers running Remote Desktop with Network Level Authentification (more secure)
Click Select Users and add your username.
You MUST have at least a PROFESSIONAL version of windows to be able to do remote desktop connection to the computer.

And last install from android market a Wake on Lan

How to configure a dns and an email server on windows 7

I used Simple DNS Plus and Quick ‘n Easy Mail Server - note that both are not free software but you can try them in trial mode.
You will also need and EML file viewer because the emails are saved as .eml files.
Get FREE EML File Viewer from here

They are very strait forward to configure.
In Simple DNS Plus - Select Records and add a Primary zome.
Then add in your zone an MX-record and make some inquiry to see if everything is ok.

To check if your mail server dns settings are good, open a cmd and make an inquiry :

nslookup -q=mx mydomain.com 

         (uses your isp or local dns server to resolve)

nslookup -q=mx mydomain.com 8.8.8.8 

(using specified Google dns server 8.8.8.8 to interrogate for our domain - I recommend this as it is almost instant update)

To check local open port on your system/server use CurrPorts if you want a Gui or netstat

For dns you have to open port 53
For email you have to open ports : 25,110

You have to port forward ports 53, 25, 110 if you have a router.

You can use this site to check if your ports are open : http://tagclouds.ro/openports.php

 Additional information :

To clear dns cash in windows in cmd type : ipconfig /flushdns
To see in browser new changes made to dns change your dns to 8.8.8.8 ( google dns) 

Dxtory does not start recording games

Dxtory does not recognize game/show FPS.

If you record your games with an OSD like MSI Afterburner/RivaTuner, you have to ckeck in the
Dxtory - Advanced  Settings - Delay Hook - checkbox.

Also you must first start Dxtory then start the game, it will automatically create a profile for the game, then start  MSI Afterburner/RivaTuner, and it will record with you OSD.

If you turn the stealth mode on in Rivatuner you can record while the OSD is up, but it won't show up in the video.

You can get dxtory from here : http://exkode.com/dxtory-features-en.html
You should use it with the Lagarith codec (that supports multi-threading) from here : http://lags.leetcode.net/codec.html
so you can record without full loading one of the cores of your cpu, that will have bad effects on your fps.

Hiren's Boot USB Stick

Hirens Boot CD 15.2 USB

1. You need a USB stick of at least 1GB
2. Download Hiren's Boot CD 15.2 from here
3. Download Universal USB Installer from here

FPS and hardware usage OSD in games

Install Rivatuner statistics server

Install HWInfo32/64 in settings you have OSD(RTSS - rivga tuner statistics server) and select what you want

Also right click in system tray on hwinfo and select settings and select auto log in.

If you want current hour on-screen to keep track of how much you play install MSI Afterburner (also comes with riva tunner server)

You can use MSI Afterburner as well for osd :

You can see some videos recorded with both hwinfo and msi aferburner on my YouTube channel : Red Sun

Windows does not log in or logs off automatically

Open regedit locally if you can boot in safe mode, or on a network computer and select File-> Connect Network Registry.
If that does not work boot of a Hiren's boot cd and open Registry Editor PE.

Navigate to :
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\Winlogon

And verify and/or create them if the are not - string value -
 - Shell with value explorer.exe
 - Userinit with value - C:\Windows\system32\userinit.exe

You will  be able to boot to windows but beware that most certain your system was and it still is infected with virus/malware.

Msvcr100.dll is missing from your computer

It is a file required by applications written in visual studio and requires the :
C++ Redistributable Package 2010

Normaly that would fix it, but on the 64 bit you have to install both the 64 and 86 versions.
vcredist_x86.exe and vcredist_x64.exe from microsoft website.

If that still fails just www.dll-files.com and download the dll and copy it next  to the exe file (not the launcher) of the game/app.

If you receive  The application was unable to start correctly (0xc000007b) - the error code meas "bad image" witch means one or more dll is corrupted or only x64 or x86 version is available - in this case.

Install drivers in windows

Link for big manufacturers support pages with drivers:

Fujitsu Siemens : http://support.ts.fujitsu.com/download/Index.asp

Acer : http://us.acer.com/ac/en/US/content/drivers 

Dell : http://www.dell.com/support/home/us/en/19/Products/?app=drivers

HP : http://www8.hp.com/us/en/drivers.html

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IF you have a PCI and Parallel port yellow in device manager and you de not have an uninstalled card, you have to install :
Intel Active Management Technology - PCI port (LMS-SQL),  Paralele port (HECI)
----------------------
USB 2.0-CRW   = (Card Reader)
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Install drivers in windows 7 and 8 that are not available through windows update ( not recommended bad system stability - but last resort if you want newer operating system for old hardware) 

First open in Internet Explorer : http://catalog.update.microsoft.com/  and install the asked add-on.

Search the driver, for example "mobility radeon x1600" driver that is not available through windows update in windows 8.1 . You will experience boot start-up problems with x1600 on windows 8 if you do this but it's the only way to get max resolution.
Download the x86 or x64 driver accordingly to your system. It will be a .cab file.
Extract it and install it manually by opening Device manager and right click and Update driver software, Browse my computer for driver software, and select the folder where you extract it.

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Windows XP SP2 - Could not install audio driver

"Driver Installation Failed: Could not find the MEDIA device for this driver"

You need to get the UAA hotfix from Microsoft. (This is for SP2 -- it is included in SP3.)

UAA Download Link : http://support.microsoft.com/kb/835221

Windows update - related errors

Windows could not search for new updates - windows 7

While running windows update you receive :
Windows could not search for new updates - windows 7

The problem is with computer date, that causes the windows update server to interpret it as an expired certificate. Just change the date to current date and try again.

 

Windows Update error - WIndows XP SP2 

“The website has encountered a problem and cannot display the page you are trying to view. The options provided below might help you solve the problem”

  Most probably because of windows xp sp2.

• Download newest version of Windows Update Agent for Windows XP (32-bit): http://download.windowsupdate.com/WindowsUpdate/redist/standalone/7.4.7600.226/WindowsUpdateAgent30-x86.exe

Optionally (should be done automatically by the windows update agent installer)  : 

1. Stop Windows Automatic Update Service (net stop wuauserv)
2. Stop Background Intelligent Transfer Service (net stop bits)
3. Run Windows Update Agent setup: WindowsUpdateAgent30-x86.exe
4. Start Windows Update service (net start wuauserv)
5. Start Background Intelligent Transfer Service (net start bits)

 

Windows Experience Index scores in Windows 8.1

Step1 :
Open a cmd and type "winsat prepop"
This will run the benchmark and store the results on your PC as XML files.
Step2 :
 Open the Windows Powershell and type "Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_WinSAT"

WinSPRLevel : is the base score and is  the lowest of the scores and represents the Rating in windows 7

The maximum score is 7.9