Open CMD while installing windows

To get access to a command prompt with a windows cd/dvd 
Press SHIFT+F10

Activate numlock on a tablet that does not have numlock button

Open notepad :

set WshShell = CreateObject("wScript.Shell")
WshShell.SendKeys "{NUMLOCK}"

and save as numlock.vbs

Run

Run an aplication or command on a remote computer

To install an application copy the setup file and then open a cmd and type :

wmic /node:computername /user:username /password:mypassword product call install true, "","\\computername\Users\Public\a.msi"

wmic /node:computername baseboard get product,manufacturer

wmic /node:computername ...

To run a cmd app with admin rights type in cmd :
runas /user:username cmd
 

How to check mssql version installed + install option

Open a cmd and type :

sqlcmd
select @@version
go
exit

Default instance is that you connect just by specifying the server name (eg, MYSERVER), whereas a named instance will require an instance name as well (eg, MYSERVER\SQL2005).

Clients can connect to the default instance using only the host name over the well-known 1433 port.
To connect to a named instance, clients specify the host and instance name (e.g. "MyHost\My_Instance") and the SQL Server Browser service returns the port the named instance is listening on.

How to view motherboard name in windows

After installing a system if you don't know the mb manufacturer and/or model so you can install drivers - without any 3rd party software you can use :

Win+R => type :
msinfo32
dxdiag

sometimes these provide the information sometimes they dont.

In those cases run in cmd :
wmic baseboard get product,Manufacturer,version,serialnumber

or just

wmic baseboard get product,Manufacturer

or to get all data :

wmic baseboard list full /format:hform > %temp%\a.html
start %temp%\a.html


http://www.pearsonitcertification.com/articles/article.aspx?p=1700427&seqNum=4
wmic output customisation

Format SD card - USB stick with FAT32 vs NTFS

NTFS has over fat32 the following :

- supports files bigger then 4GB and capacity over 2TB
- is a journaling file system where changes to files are logged to a jurnal before there are mode ( good in case of a power loss while writing, it wont need to scan all disk)
- support file permissions with user ID, read only etc

Advantages of FAT32 is that no journaling means less writes to the disk so longer life, no file permissions that cause problems when moving the media from one device to another


Allocation unit while formatting :
- smaller size better for space efficiency - if you have many small size files. Ex a 10kb file will need 5 2kb blocks if you chose 2kb allocation unit and when reading will require 5 blocks to be read.
- bigger size for better performance - it will read the data faster, but it will waste space on smaller files - but unnoticeable on larger size disks.

Windows cannot connect to the printer" - Operation Failed with error 0x00000002

First time try to restart the Printer spool service - and that might fix it.
If that fix it but next reboot  you printer does not work create a file restart_print_spool.bat and copy it in  %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
and write in it :
sc stop "Spooler"
sc start "Spooler"

When you try to add a shared network printer you receive :
Windows cannot connect to the printer" - Operation Failed with error 0x00000002

Open : Control Panel\Hardware and Sound\Devices and Printers - press Add Printer

Select Create a new port - Type of port - Local Port - and type \\network_location\shared_printer_name

Next select printer manufacturer and printer model - provide driver and next until finish.

HP servers raid config ORCA raid 1 level

In hp servers raid utility ORCA (Option ROM Configuration for Arrays) - press F8 to enter configuration - to createa a RAID 1 mirroring you have to select RAID 1+0

 HP Array Configuration Utility User Guide : pg 64
http://www.hp.com/ctg/Manual/c00709035.pdf 

In a RAID 1+0 configuration, data is duplicated to a second drive

They don't make no differentiation between RAID 1 and RAID 1+0 - it depends on how many HDDs you select.

Star Wars Episode IV on telnet

Open telnet or just use putty as telnet is not part of windows from vista.
towel.blinkenlights.nl

Install windows 8, 8.1 and related windows server 2012, 2012 R2 without a product key

You have to edit/create the file disk:/sources/ei.cfg

[Channel]
Retail
[VL]
0

[Channel] can be set to OEM / Retail
[VL] means Volume Licensing for volume media for companies that use same key
[EditionID] to Core / Professional etc or leave black and it will ask during setup

To activate windows after install use the wizard or cmd : slui 3

To add the file to the windows iso file you can use PowerIso - note you need regiestered version. 

How to delete a service manually

You can see all services in the snap-in control Services : services.msc

To delete a service copy the service name from the snap-in control then type :

sc delete "service name"

Access network share or map network location from cmd

To get faster access to a network share or to access a network share that requires username and password type at cmd :

net use \\computername\ipc$ password /user:username

To map a network location type :

net use n: \\computername\sharename password /user:username

To delete a maping :

net use n: /delete

How to see what process keeps a file / folder open

Download from Microsoft Sysinternals Process Explorer

Then select from the menu Find  - Find Handle or DLL... or CTRL+F   type the name of the file/folder.
Then you can either close the process or just select the file/folder handle and right click - Close Handle.

NETWORK IPV4 + IPV6

IPV6

Put address in brakets when in url []

For ipv6 only you need a NAT64 gateway - https://nat64.net/public-providers
NOTE
Google and Cloudflare offer only DNS but without gateway they are useless.

1234:1234:1234:1234::/64 ---> 1234:1234:1234:1234::1

https://[1234:1234:1234:1234::1]/

vs
https://123.123.123.123/

Netmasks group IP addresses.

There are the basic A,B,C class networks :

   1st address   Last address      Netmask per network

A:   0.0.0.0 ... 127.255.255.255   255.0.0.0
B: 128.0.0.0 ... 191.255.255.255   255.255.0.0
C: 192.0.0.0 ... 223.255.255.255   255.255.255.0

CIDR instead of limiting the network size to 245, 64k or 16M it uses any power of 2 for the network size. It sees the netmask as a 32 bit number instead of 4 bytes.

The CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) is the number of 1 from left to right in the netmask.

11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 = 255.255.255.0 = /24 =   256 ips in the network  (2^8) 32-24=8 bits
11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000 = 255.255.252.0 = /22 = 1024 ips in the network (2^10)  32-22=10 bits

Netmask: 255.255.255.252 or /30
Starts with multiple of 4
0 - 3 | 4-7 | 8-11 | 12-15 | ..... | 252-255

Binary                             Hex        Quad Dec          2ⁿ    CIDR   Number of addresses

00000000000000000000000000000000   00000000   0.0.0.0           2³²   /0     4,294,967,296     4 G
10000000000000000000000000000000   80000000   128.0.0.0         2³¹   /1     2,147,483,648     2 G
11000000000000000000000000000000   C0000000   192.0.0.0         2³⁰   /2     1,073,741,824     1 G
11100000000000000000000000000000   E0000000   224.0.0.0         2²⁹   /3       536,870,912   512 M
11110000000000000000000000000000   F0000000   240.0.0.0         2²⁸   /4       268,435,456   256 M
11111000000000000000000000000000   F8000000   248.0.0.0         2²⁷   /5       134,217,728   128 M
11111100000000000000000000000000   FC000000   252.0.0.0         2²⁶   /6        67,108,864    64 M
11111110000000000000000000000000   FE000000   254.0.0.0         2²⁵   /7        33,554,432    32 M
11111111000000000000000000000000   FF000000   255.0.0.0         2²⁴   /8        16,777,216    16 M
11111111100000000000000000000000   FF800000   255.128.0.0       2²³   /9         8,388,608     8 M
11111111110000000000000000000000   FFC00000   255.192.0.0       2²²   /10        4,194,304     4 M
11111111111000000000000000000000   FFE00000   255.224.0.0       2²¹   /11        2,097,152     2 M
11111111111100000000000000000000   FFF00000   255.240.0.0       2²⁰   /12        1,048,576     1 M
11111111111110000000000000000000   FFF80000   255.248.0.0       2¹⁹   /13          524,288   512 k
11111111111111000000000000000000   FFFC0000   255.252.0.0       2¹⁸   /14          262,144   256 k
11111111111111100000000000000000   FFFE0000   255.254.0.0       2¹⁷   /15          131,072   128 k
11111111111111110000000000000000   FFFF0000   255.255.0.0       2¹⁶   /16           65,536    64 k
11111111111111111000000000000000   FFFF8000   255.255.128.0     2¹⁵   /17           32,768    32 k
11111111111111111100000000000000   FFFFC000   255.255.192.0     2¹⁴   /18           16,384    16 k
11111111111111111110000000000000   FFFFE000   255.255.224.0     2¹³   /19            8,192     8 k
11111111111111111111000000000000   FFFFF000   255.255.240.0     2¹²   /20            4,096     4 k
11111111111111111111100000000000   FFFFF800   255.255.248.0     2¹¹   /21            2,048     2 k
11111111111111111111110000000000   FFFFFC00   255.255.252.0     2¹⁰   /22            1,024     1 k
11111111111111111111111000000000   FFFFFE00   255.255.254.0     2⁹    /23              512
11111111111111111111111100000000   FFFFFF00   255.255.255.0     2⁸    /24              256
11111111111111111111111110000000   FFFFFF80   255.255.255.128   2⁷    /25              128
11111111111111111111111111000000   FFFFFFC0   255.255.255.192   2⁶    /26               64
11111111111111111111111111100000   FFFFFFE0   255.255.255.224   2⁵    /27               32
11111111111111111111111111110000   FFFFFFF0   255.255.255.240   2⁴    /28               16
11111111111111111111111111111000   FFFFFFF8   255.255.255.248   2³    /29                8
11111111111111111111111111111100   FFFFFFFC   255.255.255.252   2²    /30                4
11111111111111111111111111111110   FFFFFFFE   255.255.255.254   2¹    /31                2
11111111111111111111111111111111   FFFFFFFF   255.255.255.255   2⁰    /32                1

Email protocols

There are 3 main email protocols used : POP3 and IMAP for mail retrieving and SMTP for sending emails.

Acronyms :
POP (Post Office Protocol)
IMAP (Internet Message access protocol)
SMTP (Simple mail transfer protocol)

POP3 downloads the emails from the server (and if not specified to keep a copy it also deletes the emails) - you have to make rules to filter the email on every client individually and if you lose the email client database you lose all your filters and emails.
Pop3 is good if you have a low email quota and you like your privacy (because as soon as an email is read is deleted from the server) 

IMAP synchronizes you folders and email from the server to you mail client and does not delete the messages unless you delete them.
Main advantage to imap is the it syncs your emails,folders etc the same way on any device.

POP3 : 110 and secure POP3 with SSL/TSL 995
IMAP : 143 and secure IMAP with SSL/TSL 993
SMTP : 25 and secure SMTL with SSL/TSL 465 

SMTP port is 25 and is usually blocked by the ISP to prevent spam by infected users.