NTFS has over fat32 the following :
- supports files bigger then 4GB and capacity over 2TB
- is a journaling file system where changes to files are logged to a jurnal before there are mode ( good in case of a power loss while writing, it wont need to scan all disk)
- support file permissions with user ID, read only etc
Advantages of FAT32 is that no journaling means less writes to the disk so longer life, no file permissions that cause problems when moving the media from one device to another
Allocation unit while formatting :
- smaller size better for space efficiency - if you have many small size files. Ex a 10kb file will need 5 2kb blocks if you chose 2kb allocation unit and when reading will require 5 blocks to be read.
- bigger size for better performance - it will read the data faster, but it will waste space on smaller files - but unnoticeable on larger size disks.
Thursday, October 1, 2015
Wednesday, September 30, 2015
Windows cannot connect to the printer" - Operation Failed with error 0x00000002
First time try to restart the Printer spool service - and that might fix it.
If that fix it but next reboot you printer does not work create a file restart_print_spool.bat and copy it in %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
and write in it :
sc stop "Spooler"
sc start "Spooler"
When you try to add a shared network printer you receive :
Windows cannot connect to the printer" - Operation Failed with error 0x00000002
Open : Control Panel\Hardware and Sound\Devices and Printers - press Add Printer
Select Create a new port - Type of port - Local Port - and type \\network_location\shared_printer_name
Next select printer manufacturer and printer model - provide driver and next until finish.
If that fix it but next reboot you printer does not work create a file restart_print_spool.bat and copy it in %USERPROFILE%\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs\Startup
and write in it :
sc stop "Spooler"
sc start "Spooler"
When you try to add a shared network printer you receive :
Windows cannot connect to the printer" - Operation Failed with error 0x00000002
Open : Control Panel\Hardware and Sound\Devices and Printers - press Add Printer
Select Create a new port - Type of port - Local Port - and type \\network_location\shared_printer_name
Wednesday, September 16, 2015
HP servers raid config ORCA raid 1 level
In hp servers raid utility ORCA (Option ROM Configuration for Arrays) - press F8 to enter configuration - to createa a RAID 1 mirroring you have to select RAID 1+0
HP Array Configuration Utility User Guide : pg 64
http://www.hp.com/ctg/Manual/c00709035.pdf
They don't make no differentiation between RAID 1 and RAID 1+0 - it depends on how many HDDs you select.
HP Array Configuration Utility User Guide : pg 64
http://www.hp.com/ctg/Manual/c00709035.pdf
In a RAID 1+0 configuration, data is duplicated to a second drive
Friday, September 11, 2015
Star Wars Episode IV on telnet
Open telnet or just use putty as telnet is not part of windows from vista.
towel.blinkenlights.nl
towel.blinkenlights.nl
Thursday, September 10, 2015
Enable ssh on a cisco router
Login to the router via com or aux port.
Router>enable
Router#config t
Router(config)#hostname myRouter
myRouter(config)#username s86d password cisco
myRouter(config)#crypto key generate rsa-general-keys modulus 1024
myRouter(config)#ip ssh version 2
myRouter(config)#line vty 0 4
myRouter(config-line)#transport input ssh
myRouter(config-line)#login local
myRouter(config-line)#exit
myRouter(config)#copy running-config startup-config
Router>enable
Router#config t
Router(config)#hostname myRouter
myRouter(config)#username s86d password cisco
myRouter(config)#crypto key generate rsa-general-keys modulus 1024
myRouter(config)#ip ssh version 2
myRouter(config)#line vty 0 4
myRouter(config-line)#transport input ssh
myRouter(config-line)#login local
myRouter(config-line)#exit
myRouter(config)#copy running-config startup-config
Wednesday, September 9, 2015
Install windows 8, 8.1 and related windows server 2012, 2012 R2 without a product key
You have to edit/create the file disk:/sources/ei.cfg
[VL] means Volume Licensing for volume media for companies that use same key
[EditionID] to Core / Professional etc or leave black and it will ask during setup
To activate windows after install use the wizard or cmd : slui 3
To add the file to the windows iso file you can use PowerIso - note you need regiestered version.
[Channel]
Retail
[VL]
0 [VL] means Volume Licensing for volume media for companies that use same key
[EditionID] to Core / Professional etc or leave black and it will ask during setup
To activate windows after install use the wizard or cmd : slui 3
To add the file to the windows iso file you can use PowerIso - note you need regiestered version.
Tuesday, September 8, 2015
How to delete a service manually
You can see all services in the snap-in control Services : services.msc
To delete a service copy the service name from the snap-in control then type :
sc delete "service name"
To delete a service copy the service name from the snap-in control then type :
sc delete "service name"
Monday, September 7, 2015
Access network share or map network location from cmd
To get faster access to a network share or to access a network share that requires username and password type at cmd :
net use \\computername\ipc$ password /user:username
To map a network location type :
net use n: \\computername\sharename password /user:username
To delete a maping :
net use n: /delete
net use \\computername\ipc$ password /user:username
To map a network location type :
net use n: \\computername\sharename password /user:username
To delete a maping :
net use n: /delete
Saturday, August 22, 2015
How to see what process keeps a file / folder open
Download from Microsoft Sysinternals Process Explorer
Then select from the menu Find - Find Handle or DLL... or CTRL+F type the name of the file/folder.
Then you can either close the process or just select the file/folder handle and right click - Close Handle.
Then select from the menu Find - Find Handle or DLL... or CTRL+F type the name of the file/folder.
Then you can either close the process or just select the file/folder handle and right click - Close Handle.
Tuesday, June 9, 2015
NETWORK IPV4 + IPV6
IPV6
Put address in brakets when in url []
For ipv6 only you need a NAT64 gateway - https://nat64.net/public-providers
NOTE
Google and Cloudflare offer only DNS but without gateway they are useless.
NOTE
Google and Cloudflare offer only DNS but without gateway they are useless.
1234:1234:1234:1234::/64 ---> 1234:1234:1234:1234::1
https://[1234:1234:1234:1234::1]/
vs
https://123.123.123.123/
https://123.123.123.123/
There are the basic A,B,C class networks :
1st address Last address Netmask per network A: 0.0.0.0 ... 127.255.255.255 255.0.0.0 B: 128.0.0.0 ... 191.255.255.255 255.255.0.0 C: 192.0.0.0 ... 223.255.255.255 255.255.255.0
CIDR instead of limiting the network size to 245, 64k or 16M it uses any power of 2 for the network size. It sees the netmask as a 32 bit number instead of 4 bytes.
The CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) is the number of 1 from left to right in the netmask.
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000 = 255.255.255.0 = /24 = 256 ips in the network (2^8) 32-24=8 bits
11111111 11111111 11111100 00000000 = 255.255.252.0 = /22 = 1024 ips in the network (2^10) 32-22=10 bits
Netmask: 255.255.255.252 or /30
Starts with multiple of 4
0 - 3 | 4-7 | 8-11 | 12-15 | ..... | 252-255
Binary Hex Quad Dec 2ⁿ CIDR Number of addresses 00000000000000000000000000000000 00000000 0.0.0.0 2³² /0 4,294,967,296 4 G 10000000000000000000000000000000 80000000 128.0.0.0 2³¹ /1 2,147,483,648 2 G 11000000000000000000000000000000 C0000000 192.0.0.0 2³⁰ /2 1,073,741,824 1 G 11100000000000000000000000000000 E0000000 224.0.0.0 2²⁹ /3 536,870,912 512 M 11110000000000000000000000000000 F0000000 240.0.0.0 2²⁸ /4 268,435,456 256 M 11111000000000000000000000000000 F8000000 248.0.0.0 2²⁷ /5 134,217,728 128 M 11111100000000000000000000000000 FC000000 252.0.0.0 2²⁶ /6 67,108,864 64 M 11111110000000000000000000000000 FE000000 254.0.0.0 2²⁵ /7 33,554,432 32 M 11111111000000000000000000000000 FF000000 255.0.0.0 2²⁴ /8 16,777,216 16 M 11111111100000000000000000000000 FF800000 255.128.0.0 2²³ /9 8,388,608 8 M 11111111110000000000000000000000 FFC00000 255.192.0.0 2²² /10 4,194,304 4 M 11111111111000000000000000000000 FFE00000 255.224.0.0 2²¹ /11 2,097,152 2 M 11111111111100000000000000000000 FFF00000 255.240.0.0 2²⁰ /12 1,048,576 1 M 11111111111110000000000000000000 FFF80000 255.248.0.0 2¹⁹ /13 524,288 512 k 11111111111111000000000000000000 FFFC0000 255.252.0.0 2¹⁸ /14 262,144 256 k 11111111111111100000000000000000 FFFE0000 255.254.0.0 2¹⁷ /15 131,072 128 k 11111111111111110000000000000000 FFFF0000 255.255.0.0 2¹⁶ /16 65,536 64 k 11111111111111111000000000000000 FFFF8000 255.255.128.0 2¹⁵ /17 32,768 32 k 11111111111111111100000000000000 FFFFC000 255.255.192.0 2¹⁴ /18 16,384 16 k 11111111111111111110000000000000 FFFFE000 255.255.224.0 2¹³ /19 8,192 8 k 11111111111111111111000000000000 FFFFF000 255.255.240.0 2¹² /20 4,096 4 k 11111111111111111111100000000000 FFFFF800 255.255.248.0 2¹¹ /21 2,048 2 k 11111111111111111111110000000000 FFFFFC00 255.255.252.0 2¹⁰ /22 1,024 1 k 11111111111111111111111000000000 FFFFFE00 255.255.254.0 2⁹ /23 512 11111111111111111111111100000000 FFFFFF00 255.255.255.0 2⁸ /24 256 11111111111111111111111110000000 FFFFFF80 255.255.255.128 2⁷ /25 128 11111111111111111111111111000000 FFFFFFC0 255.255.255.192 2⁶ /26 64 11111111111111111111111111100000 FFFFFFE0 255.255.255.224 2⁵ /27 32 11111111111111111111111111110000 FFFFFFF0 255.255.255.240 2⁴ /28 16 11111111111111111111111111111000 FFFFFFF8 255.255.255.248 2³ /29 8 11111111111111111111111111111100 FFFFFFFC 255.255.255.252 2² /30 4 11111111111111111111111111111110 FFFFFFFE 255.255.255.254 2¹ /31 2 11111111111111111111111111111111 FFFFFFFF 255.255.255.255 2⁰ /32 1
Monday, June 8, 2015
Email protocols
There are 3 main email protocols used : POP3 and IMAP for mail retrieving and SMTP for sending emails.
Acronyms :
POP (Post Office Protocol)
IMAP (Internet Message access protocol)
SMTP (Simple mail transfer protocol)
POP3 downloads the emails from the server (and if not specified to keep a copy it also deletes the emails) - you have to make rules to filter the email on every client individually and if you lose the email client database you lose all your filters and emails.
Pop3 is good if you have a low email quota and you like your privacy (because as soon as an email is read is deleted from the server)
IMAP synchronizes you folders and email from the server to you mail client and does not delete the messages unless you delete them.
Main advantage to imap is the it syncs your emails,folders etc the same way on any device.
POP3 : 110 and secure POP3 with SSL/TSL 995
IMAP : 143 and secure IMAP with SSL/TSL 993
SMTP : 25 and secure SMTL with SSL/TSL 465
SMTP port is 25 and is usually blocked by the ISP to prevent spam by infected users.
Acronyms :
POP (Post Office Protocol)
IMAP (Internet Message access protocol)
SMTP (Simple mail transfer protocol)
POP3 downloads the emails from the server (and if not specified to keep a copy it also deletes the emails) - you have to make rules to filter the email on every client individually and if you lose the email client database you lose all your filters and emails.
Pop3 is good if you have a low email quota and you like your privacy (because as soon as an email is read is deleted from the server)
IMAP synchronizes you folders and email from the server to you mail client and does not delete the messages unless you delete them.
Main advantage to imap is the it syncs your emails,folders etc the same way on any device.
POP3 : 110 and secure POP3 with SSL/TSL 995
IMAP : 143 and secure IMAP with SSL/TSL 993
SMTP : 25 and secure SMTL with SSL/TSL 465
SMTP port is 25 and is usually blocked by the ISP to prevent spam by infected users.
Thursday, May 7, 2015
Install terminal services and .NET Framework 3.5 on windows server 2008 2012 r2 standard
Open Server Manager (type in start menu to find it) - or Control Panel - System and Security - Administrative Tools - Server Manager
or Right click My Computer - Manage
Server 2008 :
Click Roles - then click - Add Roles
On the Before You Begin - Click Next
On Server Roles - select Remote Desktop Services - formerly known as Terminal Services
Continue the wizard.
To install .NET Framework 3.5
Open Server Manager
Click Feartures- then click - Add Features
Select .NET Framework 3.5
Server 2012 :
Mange - Add ROles and Features -- same as above
On 2012 you have to specify additional path to windows 2012 dvd
or Right click My Computer - Manage
Server 2008 :
Click Roles - then click - Add Roles
On the Before You Begin - Click Next
On Server Roles - select Remote Desktop Services - formerly known as Terminal Services
Continue the wizard.
To install .NET Framework 3.5
Open Server Manager
Click Feartures- then click - Add Features
Select .NET Framework 3.5
Server 2012 :
Mange - Add ROles and Features -- same as above
On 2012 you have to specify additional path to windows 2012 dvd
Tuesday, May 5, 2015
Error loading dll file
Error loading midas.dll
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regsvr32
regsvr32 midas.dll for registering a fileregsvr32 /u midas.dll for unregistering a filehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regsvr32
Monday, May 4, 2015
Diskpart - hide or unhide a partition in windows
Type in a cmd : diskpartTo hide a partition type :
list volumeTo make it appear back :
select volume 2
remove letter d
select volume 2
assign letter d
If you mount the ESP partition like this, in windwos 10 you get an error message that you are not allowed to access it.
Open Task manager -> Run new task -> Browse.
Here you can access, edit, create, delete files.
Or open Disk Management : diskmgmt.msc
Right click on a partition and select - Change Drive Letter and Paths...
and then add or remove a letter.
Friday, April 3, 2015
WOL from the internet + remote desktop connection
First enable wake-on-wan from the network controller in windows.
First set on your router a static dhcp reservation on you mac address.
Then set a port forward on the router for port 7 UDP to your reserved ip.
Configure a dynamic dns on the router, for exemple if your router has support you can use for free no-ip.com
To wake-up you need :
Next you will probably will want to make a Remote Desktop Connection to your pc.
For this you have to forward TCP port 3389 to your pc ip address.
On the Remote Desktop settings select Allow connections only from computers running Remote Desktop with Network Level Authentification (more secure)
Click Select Users and add your username.
You MUST have at least a PROFESSIONAL version of windows to be able to do remote desktop connection to the computer.
And last install from android market a Wake on Lan
First set on your router a static dhcp reservation on you mac address.
Then set a port forward on the router for port 7 UDP to your reserved ip.
Configure a dynamic dns on the router, for exemple if your router has support you can use for free no-ip.com
To wake-up you need :
- MAC Adress
- Public ip or dynamic dns address
- Port number
Next you will probably will want to make a Remote Desktop Connection to your pc.
For this you have to forward TCP port 3389 to your pc ip address.
On the Remote Desktop settings select Allow connections only from computers running Remote Desktop with Network Level Authentification (more secure)
Click Select Users and add your username.
You MUST have at least a PROFESSIONAL version of windows to be able to do remote desktop connection to the computer.
And last install from android market a Wake on Lan
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